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Table of Contents:

• Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction to Forensic Archaeology
• 1.1. Anthropology in the Medicolegal Process
• 1.2. What Do Forensic Anthropologists Do?
• 1.3. What Do Forensic Archaeologists Do?
• 1.3.1. Locating and Eliminating Areas of Interest
• 1.3.2. Interpreting Scene Context
• 1.3.3. Mapping the Scene
• 1.3.4. Excavation of Remains
• 1.3.5. Collecting Remains and Evidence
• 1.4. Education and Training
• 1.5. Employment in Academic and Nonacademic Settings
• 1.6. Locating a Forensic Anthropologist or Forensic Archaeologist
• Key Words and Questions
• Suggested Readings
• References
• 2. Tools and Equipment
• 2.1. Search and Site Preparation Equipment
• 2.2. Field Excavation Equipment
• 2.3. Mapping and Measuring Equipment
• 2.4. Drawing and Recording Equipment

• 2.5. Optional Equipment
• 2.6. Caring for Your Equipment
• 2.7. Basic Field Equipment Checklist
• Key Words and Questions
• 3. Human Skeletal Terminology
• 3.1. Terms Associated with Bone Morphology
• 3.2. Terms Associated with Bone Features
• 3.3. Anatomical or Relative Position
• 3.4. Basic Adult Human Skeleton
• 3.5. Basic Juvenile Human Skeleton
• 3.6. Basic Human Dentition
• 3.6.1. Terms Associated with Dental Morphology and Position
• 3.6.2. Dental Numbering Systems
• Key Words and Questions
• References
• 4. Understanding the Forensic Context
• 4.1. Defining a Forensic Context
• 4.2. Indications of a Forensic Context
• 4.2.1. Location of Remains
• 4.2.1.1. What Are Surface Deposits?
• 4.2.1.2. What Is a Burial?
• 4.2.1.3. What Are Cremains?
• 4.2.2. Position and Orientation of the Body
• 4.2.3. Preservation of the Remains
• 4.2.3.1. What Is the State of Preservation?
• 4.2.3.2. What Is Taphonomy?
• 4.2.4. Associated Artifacts and Evidence
• 4.2.4.1. Are Personal Belongings or Cultural Materials Associated with the Remains?
• 4.2.4.2. Are There Medical or Cultural Modifications to the Body?
• 4.3. Common Non-Forensic Contexts
• 4.3.1. Prehistoric Finds
• 4.3.2. Historic and Modern Cemetery Settings
• 4.3.3. Ritualistic or Anatomical Use of Remains
• Key Words and Questions
• Suggested Readings
• References
• 5. Search Techniques for Locating Human Remains
• 5.1. Types of Search Areas
• 5.2. Planning the Search
• 5.3. Visual Foot Searches
• 5.3.1. Strip or Line Pattern
• 5.3.2. Grid Pattern
• 5.3.3. Spiral Pattern
• 5.3.4. Other Recommendations for Visual Searches
• 5.4. Briefing Team Members Prior to Search
• 5.5. Indications of Surface Deposit of Remains
• 5.5.1. Common Taphonomic Processes of Dispersal
• 5.5.1.1. Weathering
• 5.5.1.2. Carnivore Activity
• 5.5.1.3. Rodent Activity
• 5.5.1.4. Botanical Activity
• 5.5.2. Dispersed Remains
• 5.6. Indications of Burial of Remains
• 5.7. Cadaver Dogs
• 5.7.1. What Is a Cadaver Dog?
• 5.7.2. Limitations of Cadaver Dogs
• 5.7.3. Locating a Cadaver Dog
• 5.8. Intrusive Search Methods
• 5.8.1. Probe Searches
• 5.8.2. Shovel Testing and Shovel Shining
• 5.8.3. Heavy Equipment Searches
• Key Words and Questions
• Suggested Readings
• References
• 6. Methods of Geophysical Survey
• 6.1. Ground-Penetrating Radar
• 6.2. Electromagnetic Induction Meters
• 6.3. Electrical Resistivity Meters
• 6.4. Magnetometers
• 6.5. Magnetic Locators
• 6.6. Metal Detectors
• 6.7. Side-Scan Sonar
• 6.8. Locating a Geophysical Survey Consultant
• Key Words and Questions
• Suggested Readings
• References
• 7. Surveying and Mapping Methods
• 7.1. Units of Measure
• 7.2. Using Maps
• 7.3. Using the Global Positioning System
• 7.4. Using Aerial Imagery
• 7.5. Creating Sketch Maps
• 7.6. Creating a Site Plan
• 7.6.1. Datums, Baselines, and Offsets
• 7.6.2. Transit Survey Systems
• 7.6.3. Compass Survey Maps
• 7.7. Creating Scaled Drawings
• 7.7.1. Establishing Limits and Using the Datum
• 7.7.2. Frameworks for Drawing to Scale
• 7.7.2.1. Azimuth Control-Point Method
• 7.7.2.2. Baseline Control-Point Method
• 7.7.2.3. Grid-System Method
• 7.7.3. Section Drawings from Mapped Data
• 7.7.4. Mapping on a Slope
• Key Words and Questions
• Suggested Readings
• References
• 8. Applying Archaeological Methods in a Forensic Context
• 8.1. General Principles of Archaeology
• 8.1.1. Provenience and Context
• 8.1.2. Features
• 8.1.3. Stratigraphy and Soils
• 8.1.4. Principles of Deposition
• 8.1.4.1. Superposition
• 8.1.4.2. Association
• 8.1.4.3. Reversal
• 8.1.4.4. Intrusion
• 8.1.5. Geotaphonomy
• 8.1.5.1. Bioturbation
• 8.1.5.2. Sedimentation
• 8.1.5.3. Compaction and Depression
• 8.1.5.4. Tool Marks
• 8.2. Archaeological Approaches to Recovering Human Remains
• 8.2.1. Recovering Surface Remains and Associated Evidence
• 8.2.1.1. Stage 1: Examining and Recording the Recovery Area
• 8.2.1.2. Stage 2: Establishing Spatial Controls and Recording Secondary Surface Deposits
• 8.2.1.3. Stage 3: Exposing and Recording the Primary Surface Deposit
• 8.2.1.4. Stage 4: Removing Surface Remains at the Primary Site
• 8.2.1.5. Stage 5: Examining Soil Layer beneath Surface Deposits
• 8.2.2. Removing Buried Remains and Associated Evidence
• 8.2.2.1. Stage 1: Examining and Recording the Recovery Area
• 8.2.2.2. Stage 2: Establishing Spatial Controls
• 8.2.2.3. Stage 3: Identifying and Recording the Burial Outline
• 8.2.2.4. Stage 4: Excavating and Recording the Burial Feature
• 8.2.2.5. Stage 5: Exposing and Recording the Remains
• 8.2.2.6. Stage 6: Removing the Remains
• 8.2.2.7. Stage 7: Recording and Excavating the Burial Feature Floor
• 8.3. How to Use an Archaeological Trowel
• Key Words and Questions
• Suggested Readings
• References
• 9. Collecting Botanical and Entomological Evidence
• 9.1. Forensic Botany
• 9.1.1. Sources of Botanical Evidence
• 9.1.1.1. Macrobotanicals
• 9.1.1.2. Microbotanicals
• 9.1.2. Collecting and Preserving Botanical Evidence
• 9.1.3. Locating a Forensic Botanist
• 9.2. Forensic Entomology
• 9.2.1. Insect Life Cycle
• 9.2.1.1. Flies (Order Diptera)
• 9.2.1.2. Beetles (Order Coleoptera)
• 9.2.2. Insects Significant to the Recovery of Human Remains
• 9.2.2.1. Detritivores
• 9.2.2.2. Coprophiles
• 9.2.2.3. Scavengers and Parasitoids
• 9.2.2.4. Ectoparasites
• 9.2.3. Collecting and Preserving Entomological Evidence
• 9.2.3.1. Documenting the Scene and Habitat
• 9.2.3.2. Documenting the Insect Colonization
• 9.2.3.3. Collecting Climate Data
• 9.2.3.4. Sampling Adult Flying and Crawling Insects
• 9.2.3.5. Sampling Insects on the Remains
• 9.2.3.6. Sampling Insects Migrating from the Remains
• 9.2.3.7. Sampling Insects after Removing the Remains
• 9.2.3.8. Packaging Specimens
• 9.2.4. Locating a Forensic Entomologist
• 9.2.5. Basic Entomology Collection Kit Checklist
• Key Words and Questions
• Suggested Readings
• References
• 10. Collecting Skeletal Remains
• 10.1. Human Skeletal Remains
• 10.1.1. Collecting Human Skeletal Remains
• 10.1.1.1. Packaging Skeletal Remains
• 10.1.1.2. Storage of Skeletal Remains
• 10.1.2. Collecting Juvenile Skeletal Remains
• 10.1.3. Collecting Fleshed Remains
• 10.1.4. Collecting Burnt Remains
• 10.1.5. Collecting Evidence of Surgical or Dental Modifications
• 10.2. Nonhuman Skeletal Remains
• 10.2.1. Nonhuman Mammal Skeleton
• 10.2.2. Avian Skeleton
• 10.2.3. Reptilian Skeleton
• 10.2.4. Amphibian Skeleton
• 10.2.5. Fish Skeleton
• 10.3. Common Misidentifications of Human and Nonhuman Bone
• Key Words and Questions
• Suggested Readings
• References
• 11. Writing the Final Report
• 11.1. Report Contents
• 11.1.1. Beginning Information
• 11.1.2. Case Summary
• 11.1.3. Participants
• 11.1.4. Scene Information
• 11.1.5. Search Summary
• 11.1.6. Surface Deposit
• 11.1.7. Excavation Summary
• 11.1.8. Remains Recovered
• 11.1.9. Associated Evidence
• 11.1.10. Collected Samples
• 11.1.11. Photographs/Video
• 11.1.12. Field Drawings/Maps
• 11.1.13. References
• 11.1.14. Appendices
• 11.1.15. Signatures and Dates
• 11.2. Example of a Case Report.

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Contributors:

Dupras, Tosha L.

Languages:

English

Language Notes:

Item content: English

Subjects:

Forensic anthropology

Archaeology

Human remains (Archaeology)

Criminal investigation

General Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.
Electronic reproduction. Palo Alto, Calif. Available via World Wide Web.

Physical Description:

1 online resource.

Digital Characteristics:

text file

Call Numbers:

GN69.8 .F695 2012eb

ISBNs:

1439850313 (electronic bk.)
9781439850312 (electronic bk.)
9781439850305 (hardcover, alk. paper) [Invalid]
1439850305 (hardcover, alk. paper) [Invalid]

OCLC Numbers:

767953001

Other Control Numbers:

EBC1186542 (source: MiAaPQ)